Conversion Charts

and

Substitutions

3 teaspoons = 1 Tablespoon
4 Tablespoons = ¼ cup
5 Tablespoons + 1 teaspoon = 1/3 cup
8 Tablespoons = ½ cup
16 Tablespoons = 1 cup
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces (½ pint)
4 cups = 32 fluid ounces (1 quart)
16 cups = 128 fluid ounces (1 gallon)

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Cooking Substitutions

1 cup cake flour = 1 cup minus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour

1 tablespoon cornstarch (for thickening)= 2 tablespoons flour or 4 teaspoons quick-cooking tapioca.

1 cup sour milk or buttermilk= 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus sweet milk to make 1 cup. Let stand 5 minutes.

1 whole egg = 2 egg yolks (in custards)

1 square (1 ounce) unsweetened chocolate = 3 tablespoons cocoa (regular-type, dry) plus 1 tablespoon butter or margarine.

1 tablespoon fresh snipped herbs = 1 teaspoon dried herbs.

1 small fresh onion = 1 tablespoon instant minced onion, rehydrated.

1 teaspoon dry mustard = 1 tablespoon prepared mustard.

1 cup tomato juice = ½ cup tomato sauce plus ½ cup water.

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   Do not substitute lite margarine or spreads or even butter (if it has added water) when a recipe calls for regular margarine. The spreads and lite toppings are whipped with water and this will affect how your recipe turns out especially with baked goodies. I haven’t used margarine in years because of the additive used to make it a solid form. I use canola oil in any recipe possible. If the recipe calls for water or milk, use a little less to adjust for the water in the spread or butter. Add more if needed. Even butter has water added and the additive it takes to make it a solid stick. Melt it see how much is really water. The sweet butter with no salt seems to be lower in water than butter with salt. 

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Spice Substitutions

Allspice: Cinnamon; dash of nutmeg or mace; or dash of cloves

Aniseed: Fennel seed or a few drops anise extract

Cardamom: Ginger

Chili Powder: Dash bottled hot pepper sauce plus a combination of

oregano and cumin

Cinnamon: Nutmeg or allspice (use only 1/4 of the amount)

Cloves: Allspice; cinnamon; or nutmeg

Cumin: Chili powder

Ginger: Allspice; cinnamon; mace; or nutmeg

Mace: Allspice; cinnamon; ginger; or nutmeg

Nutmeg: Cinnamon; ginger; or mace